铝基火花源发射光谱仪测定MB1镁合金中锰含量

建立了用铝基体火花源原子发射光谱仪现有通道硬件测定镁合金(MB1)中锰元素含量的方法.方法线性相关系数为0.967 6,RSD为1.66%.对8个未知样品进行了测试,结果与化学分析方法所得结果一致.     

纳米通道单分子检测低噪音电流放大器系统的研究

研制了一种新型微电流放大器系统,用于检测琢-Hemolysin生物蛋白纳米通道在单分子检测实验中所产生的微弱电流信号(<100 pA)。在1 mol/L KCl、10 mmol/L Tris-HCl,1 mmol/L EDTA的缓冲液(pH 8.0)中测定了DNA-PEG-DNA交联物与纳米通道的穿越和碰撞信号。实验中使用3 kHz贝塞尔滤波器和100 kHz模数转换器来对电流进行采样。结果表明,此放大器系统能够有效降低电流记录过程中的噪音,有利于分辨待测物分子与纳米通道作用所产生的较小阻断的电流信号(<10 pA)。     

还原氧化石墨烯修饰Bi2WO6提高其在可见光下的光催化性能

通过两步水热法合成了一种新型的还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)修饰的Bi₂WO₆(Bi₂WO₆-RGO), 结果表明其在可见光下的光催化性能得到了显著的提高. 研究了RGO在Bi₂WO₆-RGO中的含量对其光催化性能的影响, 从而确定出RGO相对于Bi₂WO₆的最佳掺杂质量比值为1%. 通过扫描电镜(SEM)研究发现, RGO并没有改变Bi₂WO₆光催化剂的结构和形貌. Bi₂WO₆-RGO在可见光下的光催化性能得以提高可以归功于RGO. 其可能的机理是石墨烯的存在有利于光生载流子(激子)的分离, 从而导致产生更多的O₂^·-用于有机染料污染物(如罗丹明B (RhB))的降解. RhB分子在石墨烯上的有效吸附可能也是导致Bi₂WO₆-RGO光催化性能提高的另一原因.     

冠状毛细血管长度非线性变化及渗透作用下的毛细血管血液流动

建立冠状毛细血管内血流的血液动力学模型，研究毛细血管长度沿轴向的非线性变化及冠状毛细血管与周围组织的渗透和物质交换对血液流动的影响。考虑单根长弹性并具有通透性的冠状毛细血管，毛细血管长度非线性变化，毛细血管内血液为粘性不可压缩牛顿流体，跨壁滤过遵循Starling定律，血浆胶体渗透压和血浆蛋白浓度成线性关系。建立血管半径的无量纲方程，数值求解不同生理参数情况下，左心室壁不同层中毛细血管沿长度平均的无量纲半径和不同层毛细血管的平均流量。结果显示，冠状毛细血管与周围组织的渗透和物质交换及毛细血管长度沿轴向的非线性变化对平均无量纲半径和平均出口流量几乎没有影响；而对弹性模量较小的毛细血管，则对心脏收缩期时的平均进口流量有不同程度的影响。     

柚皮素/β-环糊精超分子体系的包合行为

本文采用超声法制备了柚皮素（NAR）与β-环糊精（βCD）的包合物.粉末-X射线衍射（XRD）和红外吸收光谱（IR）测定均表明形成的包合物具有不同于主客体的新的结构性质.¹H NMR与ROESY核磁共振（NMR）实验表明NAR以苯环端从βCD的宽口端进入，并形成稳定的超分子包合物.量子化学计算分析NAR/βCD包合物的形成过程表明，驱动力源于焓驱动与氢键弱相互作用力；能隙和结合能分析得到的最优包合模式与NMR研究结果一致；ONIOM分层计算验证了上述结果.分子对接模拟出的最优包合模式也与量子化学计算、NMR的分析结果吻合.本文获取了清晰的NAR/βCD包合物构型及其形成机理，为该超分子药物的定量构效关系研究提供了理论参考.     

一类分布鲁棒优化问题的线性化方法及其应用

本文考虑一类特殊的极大极小化问题,即分布鲁棒优化问题.这类优化方法是不同于随机规划和鲁棒优化的一类方法,在这类问题中,不确定变量的概率分布往往是不能精确得知的,只知道概率分布所满足的一些条件,比如一次信息、二次信息以及支撑集合信息等.如此分布鲁棒优化问题便是寻求在所有满足条件的分布中找寻满足最坏可能分布的解.一般情况下,这类优化问题的求解都是NP难的.本文考虑一类简单的情形,即考虑不确定变量的概率分布只满足一次信息、支撑集合信息以及仿射一次信息,通过应用半无限规划问题的对偶性,本文指出这类分布鲁棒优化问题等价于线性规划问题,从而原分布鲁棒优化问题可以应用现成的求解线性规划的方法进行求解.为验证方法的有效性,本文将新方法应用于解决不确定条件下含有交易费用的利率管理问题.     

Phase Morphologies of Binary Polymer Blends Predicted by Systematically Coarse‐Grained Models

In this work, the combined iterative Boltzmann inversion/conditional reversible work scheme is extended with a little modifications to derive the systematically coarse‐grained (CG) potentials for simulating two typical atactic polymer blends composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) or polystyrene (PS). Molecular dynamics simulations are extensively performed on the two blends with a wide formulation range. It is revealed by these simulations that, throughout the entire composition range, the PMMA/PVC blend is homogeneous whereas the PMMA/PS blend undergoes phase separation, which agrees well with the experimental observation that the former exhibits strong interactions that are absent in the latter. Depending upon the formulation, the immiscible PMMA/PS blend presents one single‐ or double‐continuous phase. It is further confirmed that intermolecular interactions play the key roles in forming the phase morphologies, which in turn can be inferred from only the three nonbonded CG potentials of one unlike pair and two like pairs.

     

SOIL AGGREGATE AND ITS RESPONSE TO LAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

This paper provides a broad review of the existing study on soil aggregate and its responses to land management practices. Soil aggregate is used for structural unit, which is a group of primary soil particles that cohere to each other more strongly than other surrounding particles. The mechanism of soil particle aggregation may be expressed by a hierarchical model, which is based upon the hypothesis that macroaggregates （〉250μm） are collections of smaller microaggregates （〈250μm） held together with organic binding agents. Primary particles form microaggregates and then macroaggregates. Carbon （C）-rich young plant residues form and stabilize macroaggregates, whereas old organic C is occluded in the microaggregates. The interaction of aggregate dynamics with soil organic carbon （SOC） is complex and embraces a range of spatial and temporal processes within macroaggregates and microaggregates. The nature and properties of aggregates are determined by the quantity and quality of coarse residues and humic compounds and by the degree of their interaction with soil particles. The mechanisms resulting in the binding of primary soil particles into stable aggregates vary with soil parent material, climate, vegetation, and land management practices. Land management practices, including tillage methods, residue management, amendments, and soil fertility management, enhance soil aggregation. However, there is still much uncertainty in the dynamics of organic matter in macroaggregation and microaggregation, and research is still needed to understand further the mechanisms of aggregate formation and its responses to human activities.     

高龄老年男性腰椎骨密度独立相关因素的研究

目的 通过分析高龄老年（≥80岁）男性腰椎骨密度（LBMD）的独立相关因素,寻找提高高龄老年男性LBMD 的方法。方法 对1066例高龄老年男性进行LBMD测定、血液生化、骨代谢和生殖激素等指标的检测,运用多元回归分析筛选高龄老年男性LBMD 的独立相关因素。结果 高龄老年男性LBMD的独立相关因素有体重指数（β=0.018,P＜0.01）、I型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列（β=-0.226,P＜0.01）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（β=-0.047,P＜0.01）、雌二醇（β=0.002,P＜0.01）。结论 维持合理的体重指数和雌二醇水平,降低血清I型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列水平,积极防治慢性阻塞性肺疾病,可能是提高高龄老年男性LBMD的重要方法。     

Synthesis,Spectroscopic Properties,and Photodynamic Anticancer Activities of Novel Arginine-modified Silicon(Ⅳ) Phthalocyanines

We design and synthesize a series of novel silicon(IV)phthalocyanines(SiPcs,1a,2a,1b,and 2b)axially conjugated with arginine or arginine-containing oligopeptides(Arg-Arg,Cys-Arg,Cys-Arg-Arg)through ester or ether linkers to demonstrate the effects of substituents and coupling ways on the spectral behaviors and photodynamic activities.The ester-linked SiPcs(1a and 2a)show slight red-shift,higher fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen generation compared to the ether-linked analogues(1b and 2b)due to the stronger electron-withdrawing ability of the ester group,suggesting that electronic effect of the linkers plays an important role in their spectral properties.The introduction of arginine could effectively reduce the aggregation of phthalocyanine in aqueous solutions.With higher cellular uptake and plasma membrane localization ability,1b and 2b exhibit significantly higher photocytotoxicity against both HepG2 and Hela cells.Moreover,the in vivo fluorescence imaging suggests that 2b is the most specific toward H22 tumor-bearing ICR mice,and it shows efficient tumor growth inhibition with the tumor inhibition rate up to 93%.Thus,this work would provide a new reference for the development of phthalocyanine-based photosensitizers.